Bücher habe ich noch nicht recherchiert, sondern mach ich hauptsächlich per Internet, unterschiedliche Seiten anschauen.
Dabei habe ich Chronik der Mongolen (und mögliche Vörgänger) auf englisch vorgestellt.
http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/mongols.html
450BC: Turkic-speaking tribes migrate from Siberia to the steppes north of the Aral and Balkash lakes where they give rise to the Huns
250BC: China repels an invasion by the turkic-speaking Hsiung-nu
220BC: the Hsiung-nu defeat the Yuezhi, who are forced to move south towards Iran and India
209BC: first Hun (Hsiung-nu?) state
200BC: the Hsiung-nu conquer northern and western China
48AD: the Chinese drove the Hsiung-nu out of China
50AD: the Xianbei (mounted archers) invade north China
350: the Chinese repelled an invasion by the Ruruan (Juan-Juan), who in turn drove the Hsiung-nu west toward the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea
350: the turkic-speaking Huns move west towards Europe, settling in the plains between the Ural and the Carpathian mountains
450: the mongolian Ruruan (Juan-Juan) empire controlled territories from Manchuria to lake Balkas
451: Attila invades the Roman empire
552: the turkic-speaking khanate of Boumin or Kok ("Khan of the blue Turks") defeats the Mongols and extends its empire from Manchuria to the Aral sea (Western and Eastern Khanate)
580: Tardu unifies the Turks
601: Turks under the command of Tardu siege China's capital Xian
629: the Chinese Tang begin anti-Turk campaigns
651: the Tang annex the Western Khanate
686: the mongolian Kitan from Manchuria raid China
744: the Chinese Tang dismantle the Turk empire
744: the turkic-speaking Uigurs, thanks to their alliance with the Tang, conquer the Eastern Khanate and expand from Lake Balkash to Lake Baykal, with capital in Kara-Balgasun (first turkic alphabet)
745: the turkic-speaking Uigur empire is founded in Mongolia
846: the Kirghiz drive the Uighurs west to the Tarim Basin
925: the mongolian Kitan expand towards eastern Mongolia (driving away the kyrgiz), most of Manchuria (their homeland, where they ruled over the Jurchen), and most of northern China, and establish the Liao dynasty
1100: the turkic-speaking Seldjuks expand in Persia, Mesopotamia and Turkey
1115: the Jurchen (Manchu) overrun the Kitan and found the Jin dynasty
1124: Yeh-lu Ta-shih leads the remnants of the Kitan army to found the Karakitai dynasty (Western Liao)
1130: the Kitan are driven southwest, defeat the Seljuk and establish the Karakitai state
1135: Mongols led by Kabul Khan raid northern China
1141: the Karakitai defeat the Seljuqs at the battle of Qatwan, thus destroying Seljuq power in Central Asia
1190: Temujin (Genghis Khan) Becomes king of the Mongols
1206: Temujin (Genghis Khan) unifies all mongol and tatar tribes
1210: Temujin (Genghis Khan) conquers the kingdom of Xi Xia
1215: Temujin (Genghis Khan) conquers the kingdom of the Jin/Jurchen
1218: the Mongols conquer the kingdom of Kara-Khitai (Kitan/Liao)
1219: Temujin (Genghis Khan) conquers the Khwarizm/Khwarezmian empire (Uzbekistan) of Ali ad-Din Muhammad
1220: the Mongols conquer Merv (Turkmenistan)
1221: the Mongols conquer Herat (Afghanistan), while an expedition led by Jebe and Subedei venture west into the Caucasus and Russia, signing a peace treaty with Venice
1223: Jebe's and Subedei's western Mongol expedition defeats a coalition of Russian princes on the Kalka river and then the Bulgars, but then retreats
1224: Genghis Khan splits his empire into khanates ruled by his four sons Jochi (western part), Ogedei (southern Siberia and western Mongolia), Chaghatay (Transoxania and Kara-Khitai), Tolui (the traditional Mongol lands)
1225: Jochi dies and his son Batu inherits his khanate and assigns the eastern part to his brother Orda
1226: the Jurchen invade northern China and Korea
1226: Genghis Khan attacks the Soong state
1227: Genghis Khan dies and is succeeded by Ogedei who rules over Chaghatay's khanate in West Turkestan, Tolui's Eastern Mongolia, Batu's Blue Horde in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, and Orda's White Horde in Kazakhstan
1231: the Mongols invade Korea
1235: Ogedei moves the Mongol capital to Karakorum (Tumen Angalant palace)
1237: the Mongols, led by Batu and Subedei, destroy the northern Bulgars and invade Russia (Riazan, Suzdal)
1238: the Mongols, led by Batu and Subedei, take Valdimir
1240: Batu's Mongols ("blue horde") take Kiev and Chernigov
1241: Batu's Mongols raid Hungary but are repelled
1241: Mongols under the command of Chagatai's son Baidar and Ogedei's son Kadan invade Poland and defeat a joint army of Henry of Slesia and the Teutonic Knights at the battle of Liegnitz/Wahlstatt while Kuyuk's Mongols destroy the army of Transylvania and Batu's and Subedei's Mongols defeat the Hungarian army at the battle of Mohi
1241: Ogedei puts Baiju in charge of the expansion in Persia
1241: Ogedei dies, the Mongols retreat from Europe and Ogedei's widow Toregene takes over as regent
1241: Batu's younger brother Shayban raids Hungary and then splits, establishing the Shaybanid Horde
1242: Batu establishes his capital at Sarai on the Volga
1246: the papal envoy Giovanni da Pian del Carpine brings a message to the Mongol chief
1246: Ogedei's son Guyuk/Kuyuk, a baptized Christian, becomes the third grand khan (khagan)
1246: Kuyuk puts general Eljigidei in charge of a campaign into Syria and Iraq, replacing Baiju
1251: Tolui's son Mongke/Mangku becomes the fourth grand khan (khagan)
1251: Mangku's brother Hulegu leads the Mongol invasion of Persia and establishes the Ilkhanate
1253: Hulegu's army leaves from Karakorum towards Syria
1254: Flemish Franciscan friar Wilhelm of Rubruck visits Mangku in Karakorum (the first westerner to describe the Mongol capital)
1255: Batu dies and is succeeded by his Christian son Sartak
1256: Sartak dies and is succeeded by his uncle Berke, a Muslim convert
1256: Hulegu invades Syria and destroys the Ismaili order of the Assassins
1257: Mongols led by Mangku's brother Kublai conquer China all the way to Hanoi
1258: Hulegu's Christian army defeats the Abbasids and capture Bagdhad, which becomes the capital of the Ilkhanate, and return Damascus to Christianity
1259: Berke's Mongols under general Burundai defeat Danylo of Galicia and Mendovg of Lithuania and raid Poland
1259: Mangku dies and both Hulegu and Berke have to abandon their campaigns for the election of the new grand khan (khagan) that pits two of Mangku's (and Hulegu's) brothers, Ariq Boke (supported by Berke) and Kublai (supported by Hulegu)
1260: while Hulegu is traveling to Karakorum for the election of the new grand khan (khagan), the Mamluks defeat the Christian army of the Mongols at the battle of Ain Jalut, annex Syria and expel the last Crusaders
1260: Kublai is appointed khagan with Hulegu's support and declares Buddhism the state religion
1262: Berke's Mongols ally with the Mamluks of Egypt against Hulegu's Mongols and invade Georgia
1263: Hulegu assumes the title of "Ilkhan" as ruler of Persia
1264: Kublai captures Ariq Boke, thus ending the Mongol infighting
1265: Hulegu dies and is succeeded by his son Abaka, who kills Berke in battle and moves the capital to Tabriz
1266: Berke's son Timur-Mangku becomes the new leader of the Golden Horde in Russia
1267: Kublai Khan moves the Mongol capital to Dadu (Beijing) and founds the Yuan dynasty
1271: prince Edward of England allies with Abaka's Mongols but they are defeated by Baybars' Mamluks
1274: Kublai Khan fails to invade Japan
1277: the Mongols invade Burma
1280: Abaka's Mongols invade Syria but are defeated again by the Mamluks at the battle of Hims
1282: the new Shaybanid khan Uzbek converts the Shaybanid horde to Islam and his horde becomes known as the Uzbeks
1282: Abaka dies and is succeeded by his Muslim brother Taghudar as leader of the Il-khanate
1284: the Uighur empire is absorbed into the Chagatai Khanate
1284: Taghudar is overthrown by Abaka's Buddhist son Argun as leader of the Il-khanate
1285: the Golden Horde launches another campaign in Eastern Europe
1287: the Golden Horde fails to conquer Eastern Europe and retreats
1293: Kublai Khan fails to invade Java
1294: Kublai Khan dies and the empire fragments in khanates: Sarai in the west (descendants of Batu, the "Golden Horde"), Beijing in the east (the Yuan), Sultaniyeh in Persia (the Ilkhan Sultanate, descendants of Hulegu) and the Chaghatai Khanate in the center
1295: Argun dies and his son Ghazan, the new Ilkhan, converts to Islam
1304: Oljeitu, the Ilkhan, proclaims himself a shiite
1304: Mongols under Ali Beg invade India but are repelled by the Delhi sultanate
1316: Oljeitu, the Ilkhan, builds a new capital, Sultaniyeh, and his own domed mausoleum
1327: Chagatay khan Tarmashirin converts to Islam
1328: the Mongols invade India but are repelled by the Delhi sultanate
1335: Abu Said dies and the Ilkhan khanate ends
1342: Shaybanid khan Uzbek dies
1350: the Shaybani horde (southeast of the Urals) renames itself Uzbek
1365: the turkic-speaking Aksak Temur/Timur/Tamerlane overthrow the Chaghatai khanate and conquers Persia, establishing his capital in Samarkand
1368: the Ming dynasty is founded by a Chinese peasant and former Buddhist monk turned rebel, Chu Yuanchang, under whose leadership China regains independence from the Mongols
1378: union of White Horde and Blue Horde into the Golden Horde (Kipchak Khanate) under Toqtamish, with capital in Sarai Berke
1380: Dmitrii Danilovic of Moscow, leading a coalition of Russian cities (except Tver and Novgorod), defeats the Mongols at Kulikovo
1384: Timur captures Herat and Sultaniyeh (the Ilkhan)
1388: the Ming defeat the Yuan and destroy Karakorum
1391: Timur defeats the "Golden Horde" and reaches the Black Sea
1395: Timur sacks Baghdad
1395: the Khazak horde seizes Khazakstan from the Chagatai and Golden hordes
1398: Timur invades India and sacks Delhi, causing demise of the Delhi Sultinate
1402: Timur captures Ottoman Turk Sultan Beyazid I
1405: Timur dies (buried in Samarkand) on his way to conquer China and his empire disintegrates
1407: Timur's son Shah Rukh re-conquers most of Timur's empire
1409: Shah Rukh moves the Timurid capital to Herat
1417: Shah Rukh is succeeded by his son Ulugh Beg
1420: Ulugh Beg begins to build the Registan in Samarkand
1430: part of the Golden Horde splits off to form the Khanate of the Crimea under Hajji Giray Khan
1440: the Uzbeks move south to Transoxiana under Abu al-Khayr
1447: Shah Rukh dies and his son Ulugh Beg succeeds him
1449: Ulugh Beg is murdered by his own son
1445: part of the Golden Horde splits off to form the Khanate of Kazan
1451: Abu Said rules the Timurids
1451: Muhammad Shaybani becomes the khan of the Uzbeks
1460: the Turcomans invade Persia and Mesopotamia
1466: Dayan Khan unifies the Mongolian tribes again in Mongolia
1466: part of the Golden Horde splits off to form the Khanate of Astrakhan
1469: Abu Said dies and the western Timurid empire (the Ilkhan) dissolves
1478: Husayn Bayqara rules the Timurids from Herat
1480: Ivan III liberates Russia from the Mongols
1497: Babur, a Turkic descendant of both Genghis Khan and Timur, becomes the ruler of Ferghana and founds the Mughal (Mogul) dynasty
1500: the Uzbeks cross the Syr Darya river and enter Transoxiana
1502: the Golden Horde is destroyed by the Crimean Khanate
1504: Babur conquers Kabul
1505: the Shaybanid Horde (Uzbeks) under Muhammad Shaybani expel the Timurids from Transoxiana and capture Samarkand
1506: the Uzbek Shaybanids capture Bukhara (Uzbekistan) and Herat (Afghanistan), bringing to an end the Timurid dynasty and forcing Babur to flee
1510: the Uzbek khan Muhammad Shaybani dies in battle against the Safavids at Merv
1514: under the eastern Chagataid Khan Sayid the capital moves from Ili to Kashgar
1522: Babur captures Kandahar
1526: Babur captures Delhi from Ibrahim, the sultan of Delhi, and founds the Mogul empire in India
1530: Babur dies and his son Humayun succeeds him
1538: Abdullah Shaybanid II expands the Shaybanid (Uzbek) empire and moves the capital to Bukhara
1540: Babur's son Humayun loses the empire to Afghan Leader Sher Shah and goes into exile in Persia
1543: Dayan dies and the Mongol empire disintegrates again
1552: Russian conquers the khanate of Kazan
1555: the Mogul king Humayun reconquers India
1556: Russian conquers the khanate of Astrakhan
1556: the Mogul king Humayun dies and his son Akbar becomes the ruler of India
1578: Altan Khan converts to Buddhism
1598: Abdullah Shaybanid II of the Uzbeks dies and the Astrakhanid dynasty inherits power in Transoxiana, retaining the in Bukhara
1619: the Shaybanid (Uzbek) khan Yalangtush Bahador begins construction of the Sher Dor madrasa in Samarkand's Registan
1646: the Uzbeks begin construction of the Tilla Kari madrasa in Samarkand's Registan
1740: the Astrakhanid dynasty collapses
dein mongole2007